电白年例一览
An Overview of Dianbai Nianli
体验近几年电白年例的多彩文化盛宴
Experience the Colorful Cultural Feast of Dianbai Nianli in Recent Years
关于电白 About Dianbai
电白区地图
Dianbai District Map
地理位置
电白区是广东省茂名市下辖的一个区，位于广东省西部，粤西地区的东部，茂名市的东南部。
Dianbai District is a district under the jurisdiction of Maoming City in Guangdong Province. It is located in the southeast of Maoming City, in the eastern part of the Western Guangdong region, and in the western part of Guangdong Province.
地理方位
电白区东部交界阳江市阳西县，东北部毗邻阳春市，北部连接高州市，西部紧靠茂南区和湛江吴川市，南部濒临南海
截至2019年，电白区下辖南海街道、高地街道、水东街道、陈村街道、马踏镇、岭门镇、坡心镇、七迳镇、树仔镇、沙院镇、麻岗镇、旦场镇、小良镇、霞洞镇、观珠镇、沙琅镇、黄岭镇、望夫镇、罗坑镇、那霍镇、博贺镇、林头镇、电城镇。
The eastern part of Dianbai District borders Yangxi County of Yangjiang City. The northeastern part is adjacent to Yangchun City. The northern part connects to Gaoyao City. The western part is close to Maonan District and Wuchuan City of Zhanjiang. The southern part faces the South China Sea.
As of 2019, Dianbai District has jurisdiction over the following areas: Nanhai Subdistrict (Nanhai Jiedao), Gaodi Subdistrict (Gaodi Jiedao), Shuidong Subdistrict (Shuidong Jiedao), Chencun Subdistrict (Chencun Jiedao), Matap Town (Matap Zhen), Lingmen Town (Lingmen Zhen), Poxin Town (Poxin Zhen), Qijin Town (Qijin Zhen), Shuzi Town (Shuzi Zhen), Shayuan Town (Shayuan Zhen), Magang Town (Magang Zhen), Danchang Town (Danchang Zhen), Xiaoliang Town (Xiaoliang Zhen), Xiadong Town (Xiadong Zhen), Guanzhu Town (Guanzhu Zhen), Shalang Town (Shalang Zhen), Huangling Town (Huangling Zhen), Wangfu Town (Wangfu Zhen), Luokeng Town (Luokeng Zhen), Naho Town (Naho Zhen), Bohe Town (Bohe Zhen), and Diancheng Town (Diancheng Zhen).
关于年例 About Nianli
年例是粤西地区（茂名、湛江等地）极具地方特色的传统民俗活动，
“年例”是粤西地区（包括广东的茂名、湛江等地）一种独特的传统节日。也可理解为“年年有例”，即每年都有这样的庆祝活动，具有深厚的文化底蕴和丰富的活动形式。2012年2月21日，“茂名年例”被广东省人民政府批准并公布为广东省第四批省级非物质文化遗产名录。
The Nianli is a traditional folk activity with strong local characteristics in the Western Guangdong region (including Maoming, Zhanjiang, and other places).
“Nianli” is a unique traditional festival in the Western Guangdong region (including Maoming, Zhanjiang, and other places in Guangdong). It can also be understood as “a celebration held every year,” which means there is such a celebration every year. It has a profound cultural connotation and rich forms of activities. On February 21, 2012, “Maoming Nianli” was approved by the People’s Government of Guangdong Province and announced as the fourth batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage in Guangdong Province.
习俗 Customs
宴席 Banquet
2024年霞洞圩年例宴席
The 2024 Nianli Banquet in Xiadong Xu
年例期间，主人会邀请自己的亲朋好友进行集体聚餐。宴席上菜品丰富多样，有鸡、鸭、鱼、肉等，寓意着丰盛和团圆。人们围坐在一起，共享美食。宴席是年例期间人们交流感情的重要方式。
During the Nianli, hosts invite their relatives and friends for a collective feast. The banquet is filled with a wide variety of delicious dishes, including chicken, duck, fish, and meat, which symbolize abundance and togetherness. People sit together, sharing the food and enjoying each other’s company. The banquet is an important way for people to bond and exchange feelings during the Nianli.
走公 Zou Gong
2025年小良年例走公
The 2025 Nianli "Zou Gong" in Xiaoliang Zhen
年例期间，人们会抬着神像进行奔跑，寓意着祈求神灵保佑平安、驱邪避灾，同时也增添了节日的热闹氛围。
During the Nianli, people will carry the statues of deities run quickly. This is called “Zou Gong” in local dialect. It symbolizes the wish for the deities’ blessings for safety and protection from evil, and it also adds to the festive atmosphere.
游神 Deity Procession
年例期间，人们将神像从庙里请出，抬着在村中或街道上游行，沿途燃放鞭炮、奏乐。这是一种祈福仪式，寓意祈求神灵庇佑、保佑平安和丰收，也体现了人们对神灵的敬仰和对传统文化的传承。
During the Nianli, people take the statues of deities out of the temple and carry them in a procession through the village or streets, setting off firecrackers and playing music along the way. This is a blessing ceremony called “You Shen” in local dialect, symbolizing the wish for the deities’ protection, safety, and a good harvest. It also reflects people’s reverence for the deities and the inheritance of traditional culture.
抢炮头 Qiang Paotou
年例期间，人们会集中在一个地方，中间放鞭炮，点燃的鞭炮会飞起来，人们会争先恐后争抢炮头，寓意着抢到好运、添丁发财。
During the Nianli, people gather in one place with firecrackers placed in the center. Once lit, the firecrackers will fly up, and people will rush to grab the “Paotou” (firecracker heads). It symbolizes seizing good fortune, having more children, and getting rich.
粤剧 Cantonese Opera
2024年观珠镇木师村三太庙年例粤剧海报
2024 Nianli Yue Opera Poster for the San Tai Temple in Mushi Village, Guanzhu Zhen
年例期间，村里会集体筹钱邀请戏班，或者由好心人捐款邀请戏班。戏台会建在庙前的空地上，一般会有好几个晚上进行粤剧演出，村民们拿好凳子在戏台前观看。这不仅是娱乐大众，也传承了粤剧文化，营造出浓厚的节日氛围。
During the Nianli, the villagers will collectively raise money to invite an opera troupe, or it will be funded by generous donations from kind-hearted people. The stage is usually built on the open space in front of the temple, and there are generally several nights of Yueju (Cantonese opera) performances. Villagers bring their stools to sit in front of the stage and watch the shows. It is not only a way to entertain people but also a means to preserve the Yueju culture and create a festive atmosphere.
歌舞会 Song and Dance Performance
2025年岭门镇山后村年例歌舞海报
2025 Nianli Song and Dance Performance Poster for Shanhou Village, Lingmen Zhen
年例期间的歌舞会有歌曲演唱、舞蹈表演等，有些地方会有杂技演出。电白地区会邀请当地有名的网红进行表演，广东吴勇，观珠妹等人经常在各地参加年例的歌舞会演唱，村民们会在台前观看，丰富节日生活，营造欢乐祥和的氛围。
During the Nianli, the song and dance performance feature singing, dancing, and in some places, acrobatics. In the Dianbai area, well-known local internet celebrities are often invited to perform. Guangdong Wuyong and Guanzhu Mei frequently participate in the song and dance parties across different places. Villagers gather in front of the stage to watch the performances, which enriches the festive life and creates a joyful and harmonious atmosphere.
语言环境Linguistic Environment
电白主要有三大方言，分别是黎话、海话和涯话。在电白的西部，以黎话为主，以霞洞镇为代表；在东部，以海话为主，以电城镇为代表；在北部，以涯话为主，以沙琅镇为代表。电白人普遍认为这三大方言是当地最具代表性的语言。电白区年例中人们大多讲海话和黎话，这些活动中有关视频的语言也是以海话和黎话为主。
Dianbai has three main dialects: Li dialect, Hai dialect, and Ya dialect. In the western part of Dianbai, Li dialect is dominant, with Xiadong Zhen as a representative area. In the eastern part, Hai dialect is the main dialect, represented by Diancheng Zhen, and in the northern part, Ya dialect is predominant, with Shalang Zhen as a typical example. People in Dianbai generally believe that these three dialects are the most representative languages of the local area. During the Nianli celebrations, people mostly speak Hai dialect and Li dialect, and the languages in the videos related to these activities are also mainly Hai dialect and Li dialect.